A member of the TRP vanilloid subfamily, the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) cation channel, is expressed in a broad range of tissues where it participates in the generation of Ca2+ signals and/or depolarization of the membrane potential. TRPV4 abundance regulation on the cell surface plays an important role for osmo- and mechanotransduction. Particularly, mutations on TRPV4 causes many human diseases, including metatropic dysplasia also called metatropic dwarfism or parastremmatic dwarfism, which are characterized by severe dwarfism, kyphoscoliosis, distortion and bowing of the extremities, and contractures of the large joints brachyolmia type 3; also known as brachyrachia or spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Kozlowski type, such as backbone disorder. The symptom of these diseases are apparent with a combination of decreased bone density, bowing of the long bones, platyspondyly, and striking irregularities of endochondral ossification with areas of calcific stippling and streaking in radiolucent epiphyses, metaphyses, and apophyses. In this review, we focus very recently discovered mutations on the TRPV4 functions, which are related to human diseases through its deviated function. Moreover, it was characterized how the constitutive active TRPV4 mutant affects endochondral ossification with a reduced number of hypertrophic chondrocytes and the presence of cartilage islands within the zone of primary mineralization. Further, the recent knowledge for the gain positive function of TRPV4 in the pathogenesis of human cancer or bone disease is discussed. Finally, we suggested here that because TRPV4 is evolved as the unique polymodal and multirole cation channel, its mutation causes so many human symptoms (diseases).

Objective: We report a case series of Silent Killer Aortic Syndrome, characterized by various pathologies detected via computed tomography (CT) in the infrarenal aortic segment, where the aortic diameters measured below the gender-specific normal range. Background: Small Aortic Syndrome (SAS) is believed to result from intrauterine hypoplasia affecting the development of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries. A related but distinct entity is abdominal aortic coarctation, a condition far less common than coarctation of the aortic isthmus. This case series aims to highlight the diagnostic challenges posed by these overlapping pathologies and to emphasize the clinical implications of SAS in affected individuals. Methods: This retrospective, single-center study evaluated anterior-posterior diameter measurements of the infrarenal abdominal aorta using CT. Infrarenal aortic diameters were considered pathologic when measuring less than 16 mm in men and less than 15 mm in women, based on sex-specific reference values. CT images were also assessed for the presence of additional concurrent aortic and extra-aortic pathologies, which were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 12 patients were included in the study, comprising 4 females and 8 males. All patients had a history of hypertension. Ascending aortic aneurysms were observed in 7 patients. Bicuspid aortic valve was identified exclusively in male patients. Interestingly, dissection and thrombus formation were more frequently observed in female patients compared to males. Conclusions: Silent Killer Aortic Syndrome represents a newly proposed clinical entity. Given its association with potentially fatal surgical emergencies, long-term surveillance of patients with this pathology is essential. Increased awareness and early identification may improve outcomes and reduce mortality.

(Background) The 20th-century reductionist medical paradigm is reaching its limits, facing unsustainable costs from aging populations and chronic multi-morbidity. This context necessitates a paradigm shift from reactively treating disease to proactively engineering healthspan, highlighting the purpose of this study: to establish the comprehensive rationale for adopting a systems engineering perspective to guide this transformation. (Methods) Through a structured literature review, this study synthesizes the theoretical foundations of Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS) and Systems Engineering as applied to healthcare. It surveys the emerging technological architecture, including high-level simulation toolkits like Digital Twins and AI, and the pervasive layer of personal health devices. The review further analyzes the practical implications of this shift across education, clinical practice, and policy. (Results) The synthesis reveals that Systems Engineering offers a robust methodology to manage the inherent complexity of health systems. This review identifies the possible technological architecture and confirms that a paradigm shift requires reforms across multiple areas of the healthcare ecosystem. (Conclusions) A systems engineering approach is a step forward, presenting a sustainable approach for the future of health systems: mandating the integration of new theoretical, technological, practical, and ethical frameworks to move beyond extending lifespan to truly engineering longevity.

The SMART-PUBLISH Kickstarter Toolkit was developed to promote entrepreneurship education among students with special needs by providing educators with a structured, user-friendly resource for teaching the processes of authoring, illustrating, and publishing children’s picture books. This study evaluated the toolkit’s usability and impact with 27 special education educators using a modified Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The findings revealed high usability ratings, with more than 90% of educators agreeing that the toolkit effectively supports instructional planning and teaching. The design integrates experiential learning, enabling students to acquire entrepreneurial skills through practical applications such as story creation and self-publishing. Educators also highlighted the toolkit’s potential to encourage parental involvement in collaborative entrepreneurship projects at home. These findings underscore the toolkit’s value in addressing the employment challenges faced by individuals with disabilities, offering a pathway toward self-reliance and employability. The study concludes that the SMART-PUBLISH Kickstarter Toolkit represents a significant innovation in special education, fostering creativity, entrepreneurship, and community engagement. Future research should investigate the long-term impact and scalability of this approach in diverse educational contexts.

This research examined leadership learning and how it influences performance of municipal managers in the Bushbuckridge municipality. Drawing from the relevant literature and guided by Mattone’s (2012), Morse and Buss’s (2008) conceptual framework for leadership learning, we adopted a qualitative, interpretive research design. Data was collected through open-ended, semistructured interviews from seven municipal managers coded R 1 to R 7. The interviews were analysed qualitatively, and data were organised and arranged into themes that described participants’ views regarding leadership learning and performance enhancement. The participants confirmed that through leadership learning they experienced enhanced communication and better decision-making skills. They also indicated that they emerged out of the leadership learning sessions motivated and more emotionally aware of the need to adapt to external and internal changes that influence today’s workplace. The authors recommend that municipalities must invest sufficient resources in leadership learning development programmes. These programmes must be tailored to their specific needs and incorporate a combination of formal leadership training, change management skills, continuous and experiential learning, mentoring, and coaching. The authors emphasize the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of leadership development programmes and prioritising leadership learning as a continuous individual and organisational development process. The findings of this study have important implications for municipal organisations seeking to enhance performance of their leaders and improve their overall effectiveness and efficiency.

In semi-arid regions, there are extensive areas of degraded sandy and clay soils where organic carbon (SOCm), permeability and moisture are agricultural activities constraints. The contrasting soil texture classes need physical and chemical fertility improvements. For overcoming these constraints, the proposed management was the soil amendments with Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and 0.39 t ha-1 around 5 weights % (F5) and 0.78 % around 10 weights % (F10) of natural manure or lignite. Their field application had increased the SOCm and the moisture and reduced the permeability of sandy soils. The carbon-oxygen mineralization and dynamism rates caused by the deep penetration of essential air-oxygen quantities in sandy soils remained fast. The high released nutrient concentrations had developed large and short roots and reduced the water and nutrients absorption that limited the plant germinations. However, the SOCm and the permeability increases and the moisture reduction of clay soils had moderately simulated the soil organic carbon mineralization that had released low nutriment quantities. So, their maximum quantity was taken up by the fine and long roots developed in cropping zone. These processes had favoured the best crop productions. Therefore, all added organic carbon sources had improved the soils profitability, particularly the clay soils amended with 0.78 t ha-1 manure. However, to minimize the adverse environmental concerns and due to acceptable increase of water and nutrient taken up by plant and crops and the best SOCm conservation, the soil amendment with 0.78 t ha-1 lignite is advised. To further improve the sandy soil productivity, higher doses need to be tested.

Background: Nurses are vulnerable to experiencing compassion fatigue, which adversely affects not only their physical and mental health but also the quality of patient care provided. Purpose: To identify the 25 top-cited articles in the field of nurses compassion fatigue that may serve as a quick reference for education curriculums and clinical practice. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted with articles related to compassion fatigue obtained from the Web of Science and Scopus databases in August 2020. The 25 top-cited articles were evaluated for several characteristics, including the year of publication, country of origin, authorship, publishing journal and level of evidence. Results: The publication years of the identified articles ranged from 2013 to 2017, with 2015 accounting for the greatest number of studies (n = 11). The total number of citations was 1,269, with an average of 10.76 citations per year. The citation classics were published in 18 journals and originated from institutions in 10 countries. Most studies were cross-sectional analyses of the Level IV evidence. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: This study provides nurses, researches, and hospital administrators with a comprehensive list of articles that should be considered as building blocks to understand and address compassion fatigue among nurses. This list provides a basis for building a risk prediction model. In addition, randomized clinical trials provide opportunities for future research to develop guidelines on this topic.

Alpha, beta and epsilon are the potent major toxins involve in pulpy kidney disease. To combat with it proper vaccination of animals is necessary. For an effective vaccine, bacterial biomass and toxins production optimization is necessary. For this purpose indigenously 16S rRNA gene sequenced Clostridium perfringens type B isolates (MW332247.1, MW551887.1 and MW332060.1) were procured from Institute of Microbiology, UVAS, Lahore, Pakistan. Optimization of biomass and toxins production of type B was performed under influence of different temperatures, pH, time of incubation, carbohydrates, vitamin, mineral mixture, tween 80, ammonium chloride along with sodium and potassium salts in RCM. Higher biomass of MW332060.1 type B isolate (48.58±0.52 mg/mL) was produced at 37ºC at 7.5pH after 48 hours of incubation. At 0.3% glucose, higher biomass (34.98±0.01 mg/mL) production was observed whereas at 0.3% sodium acetate 40.22±0.00 mg/mL biomass was produced. C. perfringens type B produced higher hemolytic units of alpha (2.73±0.06 HU/mL) and epsilon (6.31±0.02 HU/mL) toxins at 6.5pH of RCM broth at 37ºC after 24 hours of incubation. While higher cytotoxic units of beta toxin (6.26±0.23 CU/mL) were produced at 6.5pH at 37 ºC after 36 hours of incubation. Toxinotype B isolate (MW332247.1) produced higher hemolytic units of alpha toxin (36.11±0.02 HU/mL) at 0.5% ammonium chloride. Higher cytotoxic units of beta toxin (20.41±0.18 CU/mL) were produced by MW332247.1 at 0.5% ammonium chloride. At 0.2% concentration of glucose higher hemolytic units of epsilon toxin (34.23±0.15 HU/mL) were produced by MW551887.1. Conditions for higher biomass and toxins production could be used for vaccine production.

The present study addresses research on the application of semantic technologies (Semantic Web technologies) to assist analysts in selecting, building, and explaining big data models. It is motivated by the established lack of a comprehensive and up-to-date systematic scientific review aimed at the use of semantic technologies for big data modelling for the purposes of their analysis. Research questions are defined, which refer to tracking the research interest in this topic; identification of the big data models to which the focus is directed and the semantic technologies applied to them and the solved analytics tasks; formulation of gaps, trends, guidelines for future work. The scientific papers included in the review are 44, collected from well-known digital libraries for scientific literature covering the period between 2011 and the beginning of 2021. As a result of the conducted research, useful conclusions are summarized for the most frequently studied big data models, semantic technologies and the research tasks solved through them.

Fusarium wilt disease of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of destructive vascular disease of tomato in Pakistan and worldwide. Its management with chemicals is very costly and harmful for living organisms. The use of bioagents has been recognized a safe option for the eco-friendly management of diseases. Different bioagents were tested in lab and fields against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici. The highest inhibition 89.63% of the test fungus was noted by Trichoderma harzianum followed by Neurospora sp. 87.40% in the food poison method. In pot experiments the T. harzianum was found as highly effectual then Neurospora sp., Chaetomium subaffine and Arthrinium sp. providing minimum disease incidence and lowest mortality percent at higher and medium concentrations. The highest plant biomass and lowest root infection percent were noted in T. harzianum followed by Neurospora sp., C. subaffine and Arthrinium sp. at higher, medium and lower doses, whereas the lowest response was recorded by Nigrospora sphaerica and Dermateaceae sp. In in-vivo trials, the highest response was observed by T. harzianum followed by Neurospora sp., Arthrinium sp., N. sphaerica, respectively. The highest fruit yield was recorded by T. harzianum 6.66 (kg) followed by Neurospora sp. 5.66 (kg). Interestingly, Neurospora sp., Arthrinium sp., N. sphaerica, and Dermateaceae sp. have been first time recognized in the current study as potential bioagents against fusarium wilt of tomato. Based on the findings, it is suggested that T. harzianum and Neurospora sp., may be used as potential bioagents for ecofriendly biological management of tomato wilt disease.

The experimentally obtained isothermal surface tensions associated with liquid binary alloy Al-Au were obtained as functions of temperature and composition. The obtained results are compared with theoretical predictions from the Eyring, Guggenheim, Improved Guggenheim, Butler, İdeal Butler, Ideal Solution, Kohler, Egry et al. and Chatain models. The slopes of surface tension with respect to temperature showed the negative values. In addition, the experimental data on the viscosity were compared to those from models, such as Sato, Gasior, Kaptay, Iida-Ueda-Morita et al., Seetharaman and Sichen, Kozlov-Romanov-Petrov, Kohler, MD and Hirai models. The calculated square mean root deviation values of the models are given with respect to both surface tension and viscosity. The best agreement of the surface tensions among chosen models was obtained in the Kohler model for all ranges of Al and Au compositions, respectively.