Environmental problems must be addressed properly, one of which is by producing and consuming organic products. Although it is currently impossible to meet the demand of organic products in the world, it can at least reduce environmental problems. Consumer knowledge of a sustainable environment is seen from the knowledge of green products, Green Finance, Green Living, Green Transportation, Green Producers, Green Consumers, Green Communication , Green Institutions and Green Creativity. The purpose of this study is to see the perception and consumer behavior of organic products in supporting a sustainable environment. The study was conducted in June – October 2022 with 183 respondents using simple random sampling. The consumer criteria are consumers who often buy from these three organic commodities in daily shopping patterns and the data is analyzed with Multidimensioan Scalling (MDS). The results showed that consumer perceptions of sustainable environmental trends say that organic vegetables and chickens have similarities, then rice and organic vegetables. While rice and organic chicken have no similarities. Consumer behavior that is oriented towards being environmentally friendly is revealed that consumers in buying organic rice consider many factors including green products, green producers, green communication, and green institutions. As for organic chicken factor green consumer, and green creativity. Furthermore, for organic vegetables, only green finance. Thus, consumers in buying organic rice consider many factors compared to buying organic chicken and vegetables. This indicates that knowledge of sustainable environment still needs to be conveyed to the community considering that rice is a staple food in Indonesia and also other countries in the world.

Many linguistic speaking inputs require more confidence to communicate effectively in higher education. Focusing on the speaking discourse perspectives aiming to meet student satisfaction in committing to speaking EFL, we customized the adopted instruments as follows: (Asakereh & Dehghannezhad, 2015) and (Oxford, 1990). The research questions are RQ1. What language input challenges do Albanian students face in the university setting while speaking EFL? RQ2. Is the EFL speaking discourse affected positively by strategies utilized in FL speaking performances? For the academic year 2022/23, the current researcher obtained qualitative data output from two instruments N=250 online questionnaires. Using the second instrument (SILL), we tested the following hypotheses: H1=students achieve satisfaction with up-to-date language input in bringing knowledge to life through continuous effective instructional practices H2=the effectiveness of the strategies used by EFL teachers toward speaking commitment needs ongoing improvement. SPSS data output reported a significant correlation between the research hypotheses. It targets the perspectives of the instructional impact of Metacognitive Strategies and Affective Strategies for increased learner autonomy. The result of this research promotes Affective Strategies to maximize learner autonomy indicating significant practical implications in the classroom to accomplish speaking goals. Concerning improvement issues in EFL speaking at higher education, commitment marks the relevance of empowering teaching speaking content.

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is one of the standard treatment modality for achalasia. This study was to evaluate the usefulness of timed barium esophagography (TBE) in the evaluation of treatment effect of POEM for achalasia. A total of 36 patients (M:F=22:14) underwent pre- and post-POEM TBE (3 groups according to lower esophageal sphincter (LES) caliber, A: < 5 mm, B: 5~8 mm, C: > 8 mm). On pre and post-POEM TBE, the rate of area changes of barium column and the changes of LES caliber were investigated. All data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test or Mann-Whitney U test. The mean rate of area change of the barium column at 5 minutes between pre- and post-POEM TBE were -51.7%, -28.8% and -11.6% in group A (n=10), B (n=18), and C (n=8), respectively, statistically significant (p < 0.001). The rate difference of the barium column area changes between group A and group B only showed the statistical significance (p < 0.001). The mean increased caliber of LES after POEM was 5.5 mm, 2.9 mm, and 3.3 mm in group A, B, and C, respectively. Group A and bird’s beak type showed a statistically significant treatment effect (p < 0.001). In conclusion, TBE was useful in the evaluation of the treatment effect of POEM for achalasia and the narrowest LES group and bird’s beak esophageal type on TBE showed statistically significant treatment effects.

Rice farming households with limited capital often employ various strategies to diversify their livelihoods for life sustenance. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the household capital of rice farmers on livelihood diversification in Indramayu District. A survey method was utilized and data were obtained from 214 rice farming households, which were selected using the proportional simple random sampling technique. The data obtained in this study were analyzed using the partial least square method. The results showed that the household capital of rice farmers had a positive and significant effect on livelihood diversification. Based on the findings, government policy recommendations had been prioritized, focusing on physical capital through the provision of agricultural tools and machinery. The government must also prioritize natural, financial, social, and human capital by anticipating climate change, increasing support for capital sources, fostering social networks, and improving farming skills, respectively.

Lime amendment enhances the geotechnical behaviour of the soil. Lime is one of the most preferred soil stabilizers and hence, a systematic investigation of lime treatment on a highly compressible clay soil is conducted and the change in its geotechnical behaviour is studied. Plasticity, compaction characteristics, stress-strain behaviour and strength were determined to understand the mechanism of improvement in the properties of highly compressible clay on lime treatment. Lime treatment decreases the plastic nature of the soil, rendering it less compressible and thereby improves its strength through the process of flocculation, aggregation and generation of cementitious products. It also renders the clay soil less sensitive to changes in the moisture content and decreases the dry unit weight, thereby making the soil a better workable material and lime treatment, a suitable improvement technique for improving the strength of the subgrade. It significantly improves the ultimate bearing capacity of the soil and controls settlement appreciably. The results of the study augment in deciding the optimum lime content that positively improve the strength of the clay soil. The results indicate that lime saturation point is 5 % for the soil investigated.

Udhagamandalam is a renowned hill station in southern India. It is one of India\'s biodiversity hot spots regions of Western Ghats, with unique biomes and features. The fragile mountainous terrain has faced climate change in recent years to rapid urban development. Urban development and subsequent climate changes will directly impact temperatures and rainfall patterns. The research focused on time-series analyses of Land Use (LU) and Land Cover (LC) variations rinsing Udhagamandalam between 1998 - 2020. The LU and LC mapping was carried out using high-resolution data. In this study, an attempt has been made to comprehend the impact of LULC modifications on the local climate. The result indicated that cropland decreased from 14.95 to 7.27 km2 and settlement increased from 5.10 to 10.20 km2 from 1998 to 2020. Population growth analysis shows a 24.95% increase in the next two decades. The average rainfall has increased by 10 mm, and the runoff has risen twice in the hilly terrain. The average temperature was raised by 0.71o C. The standard humidity has increased in the daytime and fell at night due to population growth and increased tourist and land-use changes

The ability to follow current economic events at a basic level and make decisions that best result for them by commenting on the possible effects of these events is called financial literacy. Financial literacy has an important place to achieving sustainable economic growth in the individual and social sphere. For this reason, efforts are being made to increase the level of financial literacy in the world. It is estimated that from 2020, about 40% of the worldwide consumer population will be made up of Generation Z. The purchasing power of this young adult group, born in the United States between 2000-2015, is thought to be $ 44 billion.\nGeneration Z, which is the future of our society, is expected to have at least a basic level of financial knowledge about financial literacy. In the literature, whose were born between 1925 and 1945 are named the traditional generation, whose were born between 1946 and 1964 are named the baby boom generation, whose were born in 1965-1979 are named generation X, born between 1980 and 2001 are named generation Y, born between 2000 and 2020 are named the generation Z. Within the scope of this study, 57 participants of Generation Z who were born after 2000 were asked questions about measuring the level of financial literacy. During the study, recognition questions were asked to identify the participants and to determine whether they had typical characteristics of the generation Z. It was concluded that the participants had the basic characteristics of the generation Z. The results of the study were compared with the results of previous researches.

Why do most of the Algerian cities sleep early and become less active and dynamic unlike the big cities around the world. We have tried studying a border city that could be very active at night like a transit center for the neighbor Tunisia. In order to present the work, we start with the representations, perceptions and the inhabitants\' aspirations of five districts of Tébessa city; also it was privileged with the local stakeholders to give the voice to the city components to express the reasons that stand behind the unwillingness of people to go out at night like historical reasons. \nThe city has an old reason, historical related to the social security for instance or economic because there is no support and encouragement for traders and artisans to open their shops at night like purposefully to reduce electricity bills and income taxes.\nThis research proposes a better understanding of how urban nights function. We emphasize on the case of Tébessa city by analyzing our research subject from its symbolism perspective, its representations and its spatial and temporal organization and also from its activities and services.

Pyogenic granuloma is an inflammatory exophytic lesion that can occur in the oral cavity. Numerous factors are involved in the etiology of the lesion, these are capable of leading to tissue proliferation giving a characteristic lesion. The main treatment is surgical excision with careful curettage of the surrounding tissues. Some authors proposed the use of the laser for its ability to perform deep and precise incisions, better hemostasis and less invasive procedures with less discomfort to patients. The aim of this study is to show the advantages of using the diode laser in the surgical treatment of PG, especially in the management of patient in pediatric age such as the least invasive, effective hemostasis for a better bleeding control, absence of cicatricial outcomes, the best post-operative clinical management and a greater patient compliance.

This research study is intended to determine the strength behavior of clay based ternary mix concrete composites. Control/Reference concrete mix for the study is made with cement content 400 kg/m3. In order to reduce the use of cement, clay in combination with different additives is used as partial replacement of cement in concrete. Ternary mix composites consisted clay replacements of 24.98%, 21.5% and 17.5% with ternary modifiers (Bagasse ash, lime and multi- wall carbon nanotube) taking 7.5%, 4.5% and 0.015% parts. In order to evaluate the behavior of different additives in combination with clay as replacement material for cement, the entire research wok is divided in five groups,G1 (Group containing only Cement),G2 (Group containing both Cement-Clay ),G3(Group containing Cement-Clay-Lime ),G4(Group containing Cement-Clay-Ash ) & G5(Group containing Cement-Clay-MWCNT) . All the five groups’ specimens are tested for dry density, water absorption, and workability and Compressive strength. . SEM & EDX analysis is performed for all investigated batches of cement composites. The results of all the evaluated parameters confirmed that clay has good potential to be used as partial replacement material for cement in construction projects. Furthermore it can reduce the cost of the construction project up to 15.4% and C02 production by 10%.

Objective: We investigated medical and non-medical students’ knowledge, attitude, and preparedness regarding COVID-19 pandemic, to groom our volunteers and future healthcare providers in a better way.\nMethodology: This cross-sectional study was completed from April to May 2020 at The Faisalabad of University (TUF) in Pakistan. An online questionnaire was distributed using internet and social media (SM). The questionnaire was composed of several parts concerning to demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practices.\nResults: This study included 1851 students [1041(56.54% medical, 810(43.46%) non-medical students)]. Medical students had significantly better knowledge about the contagious nature, spread and treatment of coronavirus. Non-medical students showed more risky behaviour compared to medical students (p = 0.005). The use of masks and the frequency of handwashing was better among medical students as compared to non-medical students (p < 0.001; p < 0.014, respectively). The odds ratio indicates that students of the age group 21-25 years (45%) and medical students (75%) were more likely to have a positive attitude. \nConclusions: This study revealed good knowledge, a positive attitude, and good practices towards COVID-19 among young students. Still, a minority of participants revealed misconceptions and relatively poor conceptual knowledge regarding the disease.

This study aimed to clarify the extent of authentic judicial presumption of criminal proof, and the authority limits of taking the presumptions as one of the evidence, and determine the extent of authoritative judicial presumption in criminal prosecution. The study followed a descriptive approach through the literature review of theoretical and previous studies that addressed both the context of presumptions and evidence penal code, and the analytical method through the discussion of the authoritative context presumptions proof penal legislation, and the comparative approach through the identification of the position of each seceral legislature proof presumptions. The results of the study showed that the judicial presumption is not sufficient alone as evidence that can be invoked in conviction or innocence, but is indirect evidence that contributes to the strengthening of the sentence of conviction. The study recommended the importance of considering the crucial judicial case, which has a definite scientific basis such as genetic imprint, as crucial evidence in the judgment of conviction or innocence, in view of the fact that this presumption of scientific evidence is unquestionable in all cases.

The present study was conducted to observe the comparative growth and nutritional performance and morphometric variation between wild and hatchery-reared Scylla olivacea juveniles in earthen ponds. Wild juvenile S. olivacea were obtained from the downstream of tidal rivers adjacent to Sundarban mangrove forest, Bangladesh, whereas hatchery-produced juveniles were collected from local crab hatchery. The juveniles were fed daily with boiled tilapia paste (5-8% of body weight) for the first two weeks and chopped eviscerated tilapia onward to the end of the experiment. Weekly sampling was accomplished in the afternoon to assess the growth by measuring abdominal width, carapace width and carapace length. Water quality parameters such as ammonia, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH and turbidity were recorded during the sampling time. At the end of the culture period, the proximate composition of muscle, gill and egg of the crabs was determined. Measurements of some selected phenotypic traits ( carapace length, carapace width, abdomen length and abdomen width) and five different landmark-based distances (e. g. dst A (1-2), dst B (2-3), dst C (3-4), dst D (1-4), dst E (1-3), dst F (2-4)) of dorsal view and three different landmark distances (e.g. dst G (5-6), dst H (6-7), dst I (5-7)) of ventral view were analyzed. Survival rate was varied significantly (p < 0.05) depending on stocking density. Growth performance was quite similar (p > 0.05) between crabs from the two sources in terms of observed physiological parameters. However, protein content varied significantly between hatchery-produced and wild female crab. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in abdominal width between hatchery reared and wild stocks. Wild stock contained a wider length of abdomen than the hatchery reared ones. No significant difference was found in the truss based structure between the two stocks. Overall, the hatchery-produced crab-lets showed better growth performance, though not statistically significant, as compared to wild ones.

A thermostable β-mannanase with high specific enzyme activity was purified from haloduric Aspergillus terreus strain ARSA. The enzyme was purified by Sephadex-G100. Mannanase activity was fractionated in Sephadex column into one major peak which was compatible with the major protein peak. Purified enzyme yielded a single band on SDS-PAGE with molecular weight of 48.0 kDa. Km and Vmax values were found to be 3.33 mg/ml and 1666.67 U/ml, respectively. The enzyme was stable till 50oC for 60 min., and at pH range from 5.0 to 8.0. Enzyme activity was enhanced by Mg2+, Mn2+ and Na+, but strongly inhibited by EDTA, Hg2+, Tween 80, and SDS (10 %). The highest decolorization percentages for some dyes by the purified enzyme were obtained with reactive congo red, and methyl orange, by 91.66, 88.78, respectively, after 12 hrs of incubation. Crude and purified enzyme gave promising results on fruit juices clarification as on apple juice extraction with a yield of 128.32 and 167.65%, respectively.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the link between the physical activity (PA) and cognitive function among the elderly in the health and social centers in kenitra, Rabat and Sidi kacem cities (Morocco). Materials and methods: This study was conducted among 172 elderly (56,4% men) aged 60 years or over (67,53 � 7,53) in the health and social centers in kenitra, Rabat and Sidi kacem cities (Morocco). Cognitive functions were assessed by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Normal: MMSE�s score > 24 and cognitive impairment (CI): MMSE�s score ? 24). The physical activity (PA) was evaluated using the GPAQ (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire), ranking the elderly by high, moderate and limited level of PA. The binary logistic regression was performed by the cognitive function (dependent variable), and PA level (independent variable). Results: The elderly people with cognitive impairment (MMSE score < 24 tend to practice less walking and cycling activities (P=0.005). However, no difference was found between normal and cognitively impaired subjects for all other subtypes of PA (P> 0.05). The binary logistic regression adjusted for gender, education, profession, pension, depression and nutritional status revealed that only the moderate level of PA was a protective factor against cognitive impairment compared to limited level (Ora = -1.979, 95% CI: 0.04-0.41) (ORa: Adjusted Odd Ratio; 95% CI: 95% of Confidence Interval). Conclusion: Our finding demonstrates that moderate PA especially walking or cycling is associated with a lower risk of cognitive impairment. This indicates that a regular practice of walking or cycling as PA can play an important role for cognitive impairment prevention. And the necessity for further researches to more understands this association.

ABSTRACTBackground and aim: Despite the proven survival benefits of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, inappropriate shocks limits their benefits due to adverse effects on quality of life, potential arrhythmogenesis an deven on mortality. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cause of inappropriate shocks. Therefore, to predict and treat AF may prevent inappropriate shocks and their hazardous potentials. This paper aimed to show that by measuring atrial refractoriness, we could predict the patients who may experience inappropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks. Material and methods: 186 consecutive patients who underwent initial ICD implantation underwent coronary angiography and also underwent electrophysiologic (EP) study before the ICD implantation. Results: Of 169 patients who could be followed, 34 received (20%) at least 1 inappropriate shocks during the mean follow-up of 30 months. Majority of these shocks were due to AF (68%). Atrial effective refactory periods (AERPs) and AERP dispersion were the most significant predictors for these inappropriate shocks. Conclusion: We found that simple EP study parameters measuring atrial refractoriness may define the patients carrying higher risk for future inappropriate shocks due to AF. In these patients, by either device programming or pharmocological treatments or ablation procedures, we could prevent inappropriate shocks and their hazardous results.